Moral Actions Essay - 1682 Words

Moral Actions Honesty and deceit. Compassion and Neglect. Benevolence and malevolence. All these represent the extremes in the spectrum of morality. From the general societal viewpoint, the former represents the attitudes which should be admired, rewarded and emulated, while the latter represents the attitudes which should be abhorred, punished and discouraged. Now philosophers, not being satisfied with leaving things well enough alone, endeavour to discover why this is so. Why do we admire acts of kindness? Why do we loathe acts of malice? It is generally thought that the crux of this question of morality has to do with the magnitude of selfishness accounted for in the acts and thoughts of individuals. If we can think of†¦show more content†¦Surveying every shadow, analyzing every movement. Waiting. Realizing that its cover is blown, the cheetah cuts through the grass like a farmers scythe. The chase begins. Eventually, the cheetah gets the better of one of the gazelles. Perhaps it had a bum leg, perhaps it was weak. One crushing bite to the windpipe ends the chase. What better illustration of life than this Discovery Channel scenario? Nietzsche would have loved the Discovery Channel because it illustrates Nietzsches definition of life as a will to power. The will to power is any organisms natural inclination to overpower, appropriate and exploit others in a way that best benefits the organism. The cheetah is exercising its will to power by chasing, killing and devouring the gazelle. The gazelles will to power is to escape, robbing the cheetah of sustenance. No one would find fault with the cheetah in injuring and killing the gazelle, just as no one would find fault with the gazelle if it happened to contribute to the death of the cheetah by starvation. We ourselves are animals as well, therefore, how can we be blameworthy when we exploit, and overpower other organisms, Nietzsche asks. We are just as entitled to life as any other organism, and being so, we have th e natural right to exercise our will to power. Therefore, any notion we have of treating others as we would want to be treated, is faulty andShow MoreRelatedAffirmative Action Is A Moral And Just Purpose1279 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative Action was originally established by former President John F. Kennedy on March 6, 1961 in his executive order, which included a provision that mandated federally funded projects to take â€Å"affirmative action† to ensure that hiring and employment were free of racial bias (#4). Over the years, colleges and universities began to adopt similar policies in their admissions process (#2). The purpose of affirmative action is to provide an equal ground for women and people of color in the workforceRead MoreDoes Affirmative Action Make Moral Sense?1084 Words   |  5 PagesDoes affirmative action make moral sense? A moral being is one capable of conforming to the rules of right conduct, but a big question that follows concerns the idea if there even is such a thing as â€Å"right conduct.† â€Å"Whatever can be proved to be good, must be so by being shown to be a means to something admitted to be good† (Mill 6). In John Stuart Mill’s book, â€Å"Utilitarianism,† he states this notion where an individual assumes good things are good without knowing why they’re good. Defined fromRead MoreThe Moral Value Of Actions Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesThough there are various normative ethical theories that work well in deciphering the moral value of actions in most tough situations, all prevailing theories seem to give the wrong answer to some of them. This is why I agree with the ethical pluralist in that moral duties are irreducible (Ross). Hence, I do not have answers adherent to a grounding theory for the two moral dilemmas posed in the prompt. To the moral quandary regarding whether or not it is right to break a promise to a dead friend forRead MoreThe Moral Nature Of An Action1482 Words   |  6 Pages In assessing the moral permissibility of an action we must ask ourselves what is it that makes such an action licit and the reasons why we believe that this is the case. A common approach in ethics when determining the moral nature of an act, is to stipulate its ability to bring about goodness. Although there is wide disagreement regarding what exactly are the essential features of goodness, a problematic question that arises from the relationship between the good, actions and their nature is whetherRead MoreThe Moral Quality Of An Action901 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same senses. â€Å"A good will is good not because of what it effects or accomplishes, nor because of its fitness to attain some proposed end; it is good only through its willing, i.e., it is good in itself.† (AK394) Kant believes that the moral quality of an action is judged not according to the action’s consequences, but according to the motive that produced it. Yet for some people, result is always important to them. For an example, white lies. If someone ask you about the new hair style he/she hasRead MoreMoral Intentions, Actions, and Decisions533 Words   |  2 Pagesintentions, actions, and decisions. Our mortality is based on whether they fall under the categories as â€Å"bad or â€Å"good†. It is the way in which we determine what we view as being right and wrong. It explains why a certain action is seen as being wrong, or why we should act in a certain way. It also provides a structure which we can think in a certain reasoned way and evaluate specific moral issue s. Most people take moral theories to be prescriptive, meaning that right or wrong actions are evaluatedRead MoreA Consequentialist Action Is The Moral Worth Of An Act891 Words   |  4 Pages A consequentialist action is a utilitarian theory. The utilitarian theory is a choice between two acts that can maximize utility for the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism is the moral worth of an act. Utilitarian takes the right proportion of utilities to promote happiness and prevent pain. Utilities is the expressed quality of happiness or satisfaction one gets from something (Mossier, 2013). Happiness comes in many levels of preference. HoweverRead MoreMoral Laws Are The Criteria That Determine The Course Of Action1961 Words   |  8 PagesMaryann Olson Phil 342 Third Paper Moral laws are the criteria that determine the course of action one is to take. Kant finds that moral laws are categorical imperatives determined by free beings that must follow the principles of universality, necessitation, and autonomy. Man must use his own reason to determine the action that is obligated by morality in every separate circumstance. Kant’s theory is relatively abstract, but by focusing moral law to be a system of application on an individualRead MoreCultural Relativism And The View That Ethical Systems Or Moral Actions1351 Words   |  6 PagesSection 1 1. Cultural relativism Cultural relativism refers to the view that ethical systems or moral actions that are perceived to vary across cultural diversity are all equal and valid and as such, no one culture is better than the other is. For instance, by taking how words are used in one culture to mean a thing, the same words may be employed in a different culture to mean another thing. Another example is prayer announcements in Saudi Arabia can be heard from far distance which legal. EvenRead MoreThe Moral Philosophy Of The Mercedes Benz Executive Christoph Von Hugo Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagesmaking in the future would save the life of the driver and passengers over the life of a pedestrian given those as the only two options. In this paper, I will describe Jeremy Bentham’s moral philosophy of utilitarianism and why he would be in support of this statement; I will also briefly explain Emanuel Kant’s moral theory and why he would be in support of this statement as well. First I will start by explaining Bentham’s version of utilitarianism. This view of morality is based on the principle

Treatment Resistant Schizoaffective Disorders And The...

The introduction of Clozapine, marked a turning point in the treatment of schizophrenia, as the first atypical antipsychotic drug lacking the propensity to produce ‘extra-pyramidal symptoms’ (associated with the older antipsychotic agents) (Kane et al. 1988). Even though, Clozapine has not conclusively demonstrated its significantly superior record or efficacy for psychosis (Gardner et al. 2005), it has proven exceptional effectiveness, compared to other more traditional antipsychotics (Claghorn et al. 1987). However, Kane et al. (1988) and others have concluded, 30–60% of all schizophrenic patients who fail to respond to typical antipsychotics may respond therapeutically/effectively to Clozapine (Breier et al. (1994) Iqbal et al. (2003)). This is especially apparent for refractory schizophrenia (Kane et al. 1988), treatment-resistant schizoaffective disorders (Zarate et al. 1995) and aggression (Cohen Underwood, 1994). Yet, despite its recognized benefits, Clozapine’s has been limited to ‘treatment-resistant’ patients due to the potentially ‘life-threatening’ through to the relatively benign ‘side-effects’ i.e. agranulocytosis (a potentially fatal blood disorder), seizures, hypotension, tachycardia, weight gain, constipation and many others. Its under-utilization is partly attributed to a lack of management/experience, but these ‘side-effects’ can be identified early and greatly reduced through carefully monitored dose adjustments (Gardner et al. 2005).Show MoreRelatedIs The Self Mutilation Is Characterized By Autoagressive Behaviors Without Intent Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagespractice, with an estimated prevalence of 4.3% in general psychiatric patients. The highest incidences of self-mutilation have been reported in prisoners, institutionalized teenagers with antisocial traits, and among those diagnosed with autism, schizophrenia, inte llectual disabilities, and traumatic brain injuries [1]. Major self- mutilation is a rare, severe manifestation of deliberate self harm that results in perpetual loss of function or capacity of an organ and constitutes a medical/surgicalRead MoreIs Schizophrenia A Serious Mental Disorder?1578 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects the way an individual thinks, feels, and acts (MHA, 2017). Diagnosed individuals have trouble deciphering what is real or what their mind is making up. This is caused by hallucinations and delusions with sight and auditory. Individuals full heartedly believe the hallucinations are real and it may be hard for loved ones to watch. Social situations are difficult for patients diagnosed because social norms are harder to express. ItRead MoreSchizophrenia And The World Health Organization Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pages Schizophrenia is perhaps the least understood and most frightening of the mental disorders. One percent of the world population is affected by it and the World Health Organisation has ranked it as the seventh greatest cause of disability worldwide (Frangou, 2008). On average it takes one to one and half decades off the sufferers life and is a greater cause of mortality than many cancers and physical illnesses (van Os Kapur, 2009). This paper will present an out of hospital case study and compareRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Schizophrenia2218 Words   |  9 PagesAntipsychotics And Treating Schizophrenia Mental health nursing has been around for many years. There are many individuals with different types of mental health issues. Psychosis is an umbrella branch of disorders such as delusional disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. Schizophrenia has an onset during early adulthood or late adolescence. Every individual with schizophrenia experiences the disease differently depending on the type of schizophrenia and the treatment given. For confidentialityRead MoreCase Study of Gerald: Living with Schizophrenia Essay2529 Words   |  11 PagesAccording to the DSM-IV, schizophrenia is classified under the section of â€Å"Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders†. Schizophrenia is one of the most serious major chronic brain disorders in the field of mental health; it is a neurological disorder that affects the cognitive functions of the human brain. People living with this incapacitating illness can experience multiple symptoms that will cause extreme strai n in their own and their families and friends life. The individual can lose realityRead MoreHow Does Genetic Predisposition Enhances The Probability Of Schizophrenia?1795 Words   |  8 PagesSchizophrenia is a very but serious mental disease which 1.2% of the American population is diagnosed with this. . It s not known what causes schizophrenia, but researchers believe that a combination of genetics and environment contributes to development of the disorder. Problems with certain naturally occurring brain chemicals, including neurotransmitters called dopamine and glutamate, also may contribute. This is a disease that is said to begin in early adulthood, which is between 15 to age 25Read MoreAbstract. Developing What Are The Therapeutic Levels Of1261 Words   |  6 Pageslithium, recognizing its clinical effects in the acute phase of bipolar disorder in its manic stage and in reducing the frequency and severity of relapses of this mental illness. Developing what are the therapeutic levels of lithium we must also comment that lithium is a metal that is not free in nature. Authors determined plasma levels of lithium, recognizing its clinical effects in the acute phase of bipolar disorder in its manic stage and in reducing the frequency and severity of relapsesRead MoreCritical Diagnostic Review Paper Of Schizophrenia3854 Words   |  16 Pages Critical Diagnostic Review Paper of Schizophrenia History of Course of Schizophrenia Schizophrenia was named in 1911 by Swiss Psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, but it is thought the disorder has been around for a much longer time. Although not called schizophrenia this disorder has been traced back to papyrus from 1550 B. C. Egypt and Stone Age skulls found with drill-like holes. The common theme of most behaviors of early times was madness. Neel Burton found madness was often thought of as punishmentRead MoreConvulsive Therapies a Controversial Treatment Throughout Pyschology2781 Words   |  11 PagesConvulsive therapies may be one of the most controversial treatments throughout psychology. It was widely believed that the convulsion caused by the various types of therapy disrupted the problems caused by mental illness and restored proper ways of thinking (Hirshbein Sarvananda, 2008). Other physicians believed that the shock informs the subconscious that there is a threat to the person’s existence so that self-preservation becomes of central importance and the m ental illness is pushed asideRead MoreEssay on Bipolar Disorder3259 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness in which a person’s mood alternates between extreme mania and depression. Bipolar disorder is also called manic-depressive illness. In a related disorder called cyclothymic disorder (sometimes called Bipolar III), a person’s mood alternates between mild depression and mild mania. Some people with cyclothymic disorder later develop full-blown bipolar disorder. Rates of bipolar disorder are similar throughout the world. At least fifteen percent of people

Music of Cordillera Essay Example For Students

Music of Cordillera Essay What instrument was used in this particular music? What is the function of the music in the society? B. Describe the instruments used. What is the instrument made of? How was it played? What instrumental substitutes can be used using environmental materials present in the classroom? C. How were the varied musical elements (timbre, dynamics, rhythm, pitch, form) employed bring about the message of the music? Rubrics for Group Performance Basic -Unfocused tone, erratic rhythm, unstable pitch, inconsistent phrasing and Hyannis. Needs work on nuances with reference to style and context. Developing: Focused tone but inconsistent in the extreme ranges, some repeated errors in rhythm , pitch and phrasing, discernible dynamic levels, some nuances as indicated in the music score or as suggested by the teacher with reference to style and context. 5 Approaching Proficiency: Focused and clear tone in the normal ranges, isolated errors in rhythm, pitch and phrasing, more obvious dynamic levels, with more nuances as indicated in the score or as suggested by the teacher with reference to style and content. Proficient: Focused and clear tone throughout the piece, accurate rhythm and secure pitch, consistent and sensitive phrasing, and well-defined dynamic levels, with creative nuances as indicated in the music score or as suggested by the teacher with reference to style and content. Rubrics for Designing an Instrument Substitute Basic: Inappropriate; Messy and incomplete materials; Sound quality lacks similarity with that of the original instrument.. Developing: Most materials appropriate; Decorated but messy Neat but fragile; Sound quality somewhat similar but not exactly similar to that of the original instrument. Approaching Proficiency: Appropriate materials; Decorated, neat; Sound quality almost similar to that of the original instrument Proficient: Appropriate and creatively modified materials; Decorated within the context of the instrument; Neat and Durable; Sound quality most similar to that of the original instrument. XSL SYNTHESIS The music of the Highlands of Luzon (Cordillera) helps us discover the way of life of the Cordillera people through themes about nature, family life, work in the field as well as the spiritual matters. In addition to songs and chanted poetry, Cordillera USIA is distinctively made up of two sound characteristics of instruments based on their respective materials the first, made of bamboo ( (flutes, percussion instruments), and the second, made of metal (gongs). These traditions are on their way to extinction due to the modernization of the way of life among the youth of the Cordillera region.

Shelter for the mentally challenged

The availability of basic shelter is critical in the life of mentally challenged persons. It is essential that this basic human need be availed to them because most of them are not in a position to provide it for themselves. The shelter should also be able to accommodate their shortcomings and protect them from discrimination by society. The provision of shelter goes a long way in aiding in the mental, physical and most fundamentally psychological development.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Shelter for the mentally challenged specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More People that are mentally incapacitated are found to have difficulties in their personal hygiene. Personal hygiene has been identified as a huge factor in their discrimination in society. This discrimination significantly contributes to further damage in their mental and psychological status. This is as a result of feeling unwanted and uncared for in the envi ronment that they inhabit. However, establishment of shelters for them will be critical in ensuring that their body hygiene is maintained at acceptable standards. In so doing, the discrimination along these lines will be a thing of the past making them develop normally. The day to day handling of daily events is significantly affected by mental instability. Routine habits are significantly upset in the life of the mentally challenged individual. The creation of a fixed program is, therefore, essential in helping them overcome this problem. The attainability of fixed program can be attained by setting up of shelters that are specifically designed for them. The shelters will facilitate the enactment of thus routines that will help them in the regaining of their mental stability. The workability of the set up program will also aid in the psychological development of the affected persons. This is in the sense that programs being undertaken are repeated making them stick in one’s mind and being part of the system. The provision of shelter to the mentally handicapped is essential in instilling a sense of belonging into them. Psychologically, this is critical to the stability of the mind of such persons and its subsequent development. It gives them a sense of identity and a point of association with the rest of the community. For the mentally challenged individuals, it will provide a place called home, which is extremely critical towards their perception of life and society as a whole. In addition to that, it gives them an identity which lessens the discrimination towards them by other members of the society.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under a controlled environment, in this case a shelter, this person’s ability to integrate into society is significantly increased. Their association with each other makes them to accept their condition in relation to the state of mind. The varying levels of deficiencies in the mind will go help them appreciate the conditions and work towards coming out of it. The communal life in the shelter will make it easy for them to be taught the basic, acceptable values in society. The discrimination directed towards them basing on such grounds will, therefore, be to a large extent reduced. The establishment of shelters for the mentally challenged is essential in helping them improve and eventually overcome this state of mind. The shelters provide an almost perfect environment for the achievement of thus function. They give these persons a sense of belonging, in addition to providing them with, an opportunity to learn societal values and norms. The acquisition of these kinds of education significantly helps in lowering of discrimination levels against them. The shelters are, therefore, critical to their mental and psychological state of mind. This essay on Shelter for the mentally challenged was written and submitted by user Annabella Mosley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Edenic Myth in The Great Gatsb essays

Edenic Myth in The Great Gatsb essays Picture this: You are the director of a high budget feature film. You are in the process of filming a brilliant scene in which a man and a woman have just escaped from a near-death situation and have found themselves atop a mountain in the pouring rain, but alas, safe and out of harm's way. In the midst of all the insanity, they realize that their attraction for each other is love at its finest, and as they prepare for a beautiful, passionate, Hollywood-style kiss, the treacherous storm clouds above them dissipate into a clear, star-filled sky strategically designed to intensify this glorious moment. They embrace, and they kiss. It is a long, fabulous kiss. Or, so they thought. When the kiss is complete, they stare into each other's eyes, and from the sidelines we hear, "Cut!" "What was wrong with that?" demands the leading man. "That was perfect!" "Oh, no it wasn't." you reply. "There was nothing perfect about it. The rain stopped too early, the wind was blowing too hard, and the two of you just kissed like you've never met!" "So, what do you want to do?" snaps the leading lady. "You want to do it again?" "Yes, I do." You answer. "And again, and again, and again. Until we get it right. I want this scene to be perfect!" Wouldn't it be fantastic if we could do things repeatedly until we were delighted with the results? Wouldn't it be grand to stop at a certain point, evaluate what we have done thus far, decide what was not perfect, and subsequently perfect it? In reality, most of us are aware that this is simply not an option. Knowing that we cannot change what has already happened is perhaps a large reason why many of us feel regret as we get older. When reflecting on our lives, we tend to use phrases like, "If I could do it all over again, I would never..." or "If I knew then what I know now..." It is our own way of expressing the real truth: what's done is done. One of the main characters in F. Scott...

3 Super Easy Steps to Make Your Resume Powerful

3 Super Easy Steps to Make Your Resume Powerful A resume isn’t just a list of everything you’ve done. It’s your first shot at convincing a company that you’re the perfect fit. Part of that is making clear that your particular skills and experience match precisely with their needs. They’re looking for specialists- you need to show them you have the skills. Resume trends change over time and recruiters tend to look for specific things. Here are three ways to make sure your resume isn’t too general to get you the job.  In addition, here are some of the best resume tips in 2016 that can help you land your next job interview.1. Do your researchDon’t just blitz the thing to every company that’s hiring in your city. Find a company for whom you know you’d be a fit. Find one that’s the right size for you, in the right industry, and one that you are excited about. Make a short list of these dream companies and focus on them. What’s the culture at each one? Where would you fit in the best? Do you have a particular selling point that would dazzle one company more than the others based on their mission and scope?2. Be specificOnce you’ve figured out exactly what your ideal company or position is looking for, show them your track record! Tell them precisely how and why you are perfect for  that specific job in  your personal branding statement. You can incorporate this â€Å"look no further† kind of language into descriptions of each position you have held.3. Show, don’t tellConsider using an infographic or image of some kind to drive home your point. A chart or a graph can illustrate a particular success claim dramatically, if used correctly. This is a new trend in resumes, but can be very effective when done correctly.The bottom line is to make sure you know what the company wants, then make sure you show them just how perfectly you match their needs, item by item. It might require a bit of extra work in the resume-cr afting stage, but you’ll be glad you did it.4 Resume Tips To Prove You’re The Perfect Fit For The Position

Energy Drinks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Energy Drinks - Essay Example This paper deals with the adverse effects of energy drinks and what should be done about it. The body requires rests at intervals and if this is not available then fatigue emerge. Some people may however want to overcome fatigue without rest and they resort to energy drinks. Students who wish to study overnight because of extreme demand are examples of people who may use energy drinks in order to overcome fatigue. The drinks offer â€Å"extra energy, increased alertness, and improve mental and physical awareness† (Carroll County n.p.). What such individuals using energy drinks should ask themselves is the chemical composition of such drinks is that restores their energy without much struggle. The Food and Drug Administration that ensures safety of consumables do not regulate energy drinks and this exposes people to possible adverse effects. The drinks are different from those that athletes use and this raises concerns on safety of energy drinks. Consumption of energy drinks is further common among adolescents to suggest irresponsible use (Carroll County n.p.). Though most energy drinks lack much caffeine, they are heavily sweetened and are easy to drink making them favorable for the younger population. As a result, there is an increased number of under 18s who have such dangerous side effects of these energy drinks. This result from taking too much energy drinks at a go. In addition, if energy drinks advertises for no caffeine, the energy in them comes from guarana, which is an equivalent of caffeine. Some energy drinks advertises for no crash but this claim refers to no sugar clash since such drinks are often sweetened with various artificial sweeteners. It is advisable for individuals to take any vitamins by eating a variety of foods rather than finding them in energy drinks or mineral supplements. Energy drinks increases blood sugar concentration and blood pressure. This occurs when

The Needs of Native Americans in Modern Day America Essay

The Needs of Native Americans in Modern Day America - Essay Example The present day American society banks largely on these Native Americans. It is because of these Native Americans that the basic culture and societal values of America are alive today. The trends and needs of these Native Americans are such that they require state of the art healthcare and educational needs, and they also want to remain in line with the attainment of the normal, day to day necessities, all of which are significant towards the domains of the Native Americans (Young, 1994). These needs keep on changing with the passage of time, however what is important is the fact that the modern day America learns a thing or two out of this composition of Native Americans within its folds. It is about time that these Native Americans are given their rights so that America as a whole could benefit from the very same undertakings. The problems that these Native Americans face are of a magnanimous nature. They comprehend that these problems are not entirely of their own making and hence they deserve much better at the hands of the authorities who enact policies and draft resolutions that are taken up within the supreme houses of the government nonetheless. The courts of law and other quintessential bodies within the state also need to pull up their socks and do their best at bringing a sense of solace and comfort for the sake of these Native Americans. The solutions to these problems could be understood when the state is serious in giving these Native Americans their due. It would mean that the government is now ready to draft policies which will look after the needs of these people as well as make the institutions powerful, all of which essentially look after the well-being of the general public and not just the Native Americans alone. It would be appropriate to state the both national and local level policies must be changed for the better. This could mean more growth and development to occur within the relevant ranks. It

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Example for Free

Frankenstein and Prometheus Essay Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein can be compared to the myth Prometheus by J.M Hunt in several ways. Frankenstein and Prometheus both created life in their own way and faced consequences that they had not expected to encounter although they differed in that Frankenstein abandoned his creation and abhorred him whereas Prometheus wanted to help and care for his creation. Both Frankenstein and Prometheus developed creations easily but did not realize the consequences behind it. In the novel Frankenstein Victor always wanted to understand the cause of life and death and he set his mind into finding the answer. â€Å"I collected the instruments of life around me, that I might infuse a spark of being into the lifeless thing that lay at my feet (Shelley 58). Victor was excited to understand that what he has created was the answer to his problems. Prometheus also felt the same way when he was creating his creation. Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus had the task to create man. â€Å"Prometheus shaped man out of mud, and Athena breathed life into his clay figure (Legend of Prometheus). Prometheus’ task in creating life was easy, as for Frankenstein it was much harder as he spent months creating it. With the goal of creating life they both faced consequences because of their actions. Frankenstein and Prometheus ended up with severe consequences when they had created life. When Victor left Geneva for Ingolstadt an incident had occurred. Once day he received a letter from his father. â€Å"William is dead! That sweet child, whose smiled delighted and warmed my heart, who was so gentle, yet so gay! Victor, he is murdered! (Shelley 73). When Victor had read the letter he was shocked. Upon returning to Geneva he realized the monster had murdered his brother. Prometheus also faced consequences when he created man. When Zeus discovered that Prometheus lied to him he took fire away from man. Prometheus then lit a torch from the su and brought ti back again to man. Zeus was enraged and punished Prometheus. â€Å"Take [Prometheus] to the Caucasus Mountains and chain him to a rock with unbreakable adamant chains. Here he was tormented day and night by a giant eagle learing at his liver (Legend of Prometheus). The pain wouldn’t end for Prometheus because his liver would grow back again. Frankenstein and Prometheus faced consequences that ended in Frankenstein losing his loved one Prometheus being physically tortured day and night. Despite their punishment, Frankenstein exhibited actions that led him to become a bad creator, and Prometheus showing qualities of being a good creator. Frankenstein fathered his monster with his own hands. He labored for years in order to successfully breathe life into his creature. Then later once it was alive he abhorred him. When the monster was alive Frankenstein said â€Å"Oh! no mortal could support the horror of that countenance†¦ [Frankenstein] passed the night wretchedly†¦ Mingled with this horror [Frankenstein] felt the bitterness o f disappointment† (Shelley 59). This shows that all he wants to do with he creation is run away from it and to never see it again. Although Prometheus showed different qualities towards his monster. Prometheus fought to protect the human being he had given life to. â€Å"Prometheus lit a torch from the sun and brought I back again to man† (Legend of Prometheus). All he had tried to do was help his creation. Frankenstein and Prometheus differed because Frankenstein tried to hurt and abandon his creation but Prometheus did the opposite to his creation. Frankensten can be compared to the myth of Promethheus in many ways. When both are read the reader can infer many clear similarities between the two. Both Prometheus and Frankenstein faced consequences but treated their creations in different ways.

B E C: The New Phase Of Matter :: essays research papers

B E C: The New Phase of Matter A new phase of matter has been discovered seventy years after Albert Einstein predicted it's existence. In this new state of matter, atoms do not move around like they would in an ordinary gas condensate. The atoms move in lock step with one another and have identical quantum properties. This will make it easier for physicists to research the mysterious properties of quantum mechanics. It was named "Molecule of the Year" because it was such a major discovery, but it is not a molecule at all. The phase, called the Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) follows the laws of quantum physics. In early 1995, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the University of Colorado were the first to uncover the BEC. They magnetically trapped rubidium atoms and then supercooled the atoms to almost absolute zero. The graphic on the cover shows the Bose-Einstien condensation, where the atom's velocities peak at close to zero velocity, and the atoms slowly emerge from the condensate. The atoms were slowed to the low velocity by using laser beams. The hardware needed to create the BEC is a bargain at $50,000 to $1000,000 which makes it accessible to physics labs around the world. The next step is to test the new phase of matter. We do not know yet if it absorbs, reflects,or refracts light. BEC is related to superconductivity and may unlock some mysteries of why some minerals are able to conduct electricity without resistance. The asymmetrical pattern of BEC is is thought by some astrophysicists to explain the bumpy distribution of matter in the early universe, a distribution that eventually led to the formation of galaxies. Physicists are working on creating an atom laser, using new technology derived from the BEC. The new lasers would be able to create etchings finer than those that etch silicon chips today.

Right to Housing Under the Constitution of Kenya

RIGHT TO HOUSING UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA The right to housing comprises an intricate part in the realization of one of the most basic needs of a human being, shelter. Everyone has the right to a decent standard of living as stated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a document that has attained the status of jus cogens due to its wide acceptance. Essential to the achievement of this standard is access to adequate housing. It has been said that housing fulfills physical needs by providing security and shelter from weather and climate.It fulfills psychological needs by providing a sense of personal space and privacy. It fulfills social needs by providing a gathering area and communal space for the human family, the basic unit of society. It also fulfills economic needs by functioning as a center for commercial production. Due to various factors including insufficient financial and natural resources, population growth, political upheavals, and rural- urban migration, a vast population of Kenyans especially those living in urban areas end up homeless or in informal settlements. Dr. P. L.O Lumumba in his speech during the World Habitat forum in 2004 described the lengths to which people unable to afford adequate housing go to provide shelter to themselves and their families. He said that some of them end up seeking refuge in, â€Å"slums areas, squatting in informal settlements, old buses, roadside embankments, cellars, staircases, rooftops, elevator enclosures, cages, cardboard boxes, plastic sheets, aluminum and tin shelter. † According to a UN Habitat study done in 2008, 60-80 percent of residents in Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu, live in informal settlements.In fact, the same study shows that while 60 percent of Nairobi’s populations live in informal settlements, their homes occupy only 5 percent of the total land area of the city and its environs. Although right to adequate shelter is a human right, this does not imply that the gov ernment is obliged to provide each of their citizens with land and an appropriate house to live in. This is dependent on the laws and policies of each individual country. In Kenya, the debate about the justifiability of housing and some other socio-economic rights seems to be over with the passing of the 2010 Constitution.This is because the constitution has provisions that seek to protect the provision of these rights to every citizen as will be discussed in the next part. 1. 1 The Constitution of Kenya, 2010 When Kenya gained independence in 1963, every Kenyan was relieved to have finally been freed from the yoke of colonialism. The independent Kenya adopted a constitution that had majorly British influence but that seemed to suffice during those early ‘teething years’. But as years passed by, the biting reality that the country had been taken over by neo-colonialists hit home.The independence constitution was not sufficient to protect the general public from the vici ous acts and decisions of those in power. There was need for constitutional reform. Kenyans have long struggled for constitutional reform. They struggled because they suffered under an oppressive system of government. Their human rights were suppressed. The power of the state was concentrated in one person, the president. First regions and then local governments were stripped of all their powers. At the center, the president dominated all institutions of the state. Cronyism substituted for politics.Merit counted for little. The law was frequently abused by the government and the exercise of power was unpredictable and arbitrary. The judiciary had failed to protect the constitution and the rights of the people. The civil service and other executive organs lost independence. There was corruption, plundering both of the state and a captive private sector, on a massive scale. The new constitution therefore had to be a document that remedies the shortcomings of the independence constitut ion. The drafters of the new Constitution aimed to restore the confidence of the citizens with their government.One of the salient features of the 2010 constitution is the incorporation of a strong and comprehensive Bill of Rights. It contains a number of rights, which were missing from the independence constitution, including rights to official information, environment, economic and social rights, and rights of consumers, et cetera. The 2010 Constitution strengthens the achievement of the human rights by limiting the restrictions that may be placed on rights and by establishing a strong mechanism for the enforcement of rights. It also provides for an independent commission of human rights to protect and promote rights and freedoms.Of importance to this research are the Economic and Social rights. Article 43 provides for each person’s right to: a) The highest attainable standard of health b) Accessibility and adequate housing and to reasonable standards of sanitation. c) Free dom from hunger and to have adequate food of acceptable quality. d) Clean and safe water in adequate quantities. e) Social Security. f) Education. Amongst this list of rights is the right to housing. Forced evictions of persons living in unplanned settlements and slums are a common feature of urban development.People living in these informal settlements live at the margins of society. Land is generally an expensive investment in Kenya therefore only a few can afford it. Those who cannot afford it opt to rent apartments or houses or rooms from property owners but there are some who cannot still afford this kind of arrangements and so set up their housing structures on any free land that they come across, regardless of whether it is private land or public land set out for other purposes. This latter group of people is the ones who fall victim to forced evictions.Article 2(5) and (6) of the constitution general rules of international law and any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya f orm part of the laws of Kenya. Kenya ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) on 3/1/1976 and consequently became bound to respect, protect and enforce the rights therein, including the right to adequate housing and the related prohibition of forced evictions. It is with this backing of the law that victims of forced evictions that are not conducted in the manner stipulated in both domestic law and international law are able to defend their right to housing through the courts. ——————————————- [ 2 ]. Article 25(1) which states in part, â€Å"Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care†¦Ã¢â‚¬  [ 3 ]. Nicholas Okemwa, Forceful Evictions and the Right to Adequate Housing(2011)16 ; The Bench Bulletin 58 [ 4 ]. Dr. P. L. O Lumumba, Powers of Urban Authorities over Settlement Control: The Kenyan Case. He presented this paper during the world habitat forum organized by un-habitat held on the 13th –17th September 2004 at the Barcelona, Spain [ 5 ].Preliminary Results of the 2009, National Population and Housing Census. [ 6 ]. Draft Eviction an Resettlement Guidelines, 2010. [ 7 ]. Commentary on the Kenyan Constitution, (Consolidation of 15 articles in the East African Standard). [ 8 ]. Article 35 [ 9 ]. Article 42 [ 10 ]. Article 43 [ 11 ]. Article 46 [ 12 ]. Article 24 is the only article that provides for the specific procedure to be followed for a right contained in the Bill of Rights to be limited. This is unlike in the independence constitution where each right was immediately followed by a claw-back clause. [ 13 ]. Article 11

Case Study – American Apparel

The company segmented their market to young men and women in their ass, and further targeted a niche audience of environmentally conscious consumers. The company catered to this artsy, bohemian audience who resided In hip neighborhoods of large, metropolitan cities that upheld a â€Å"hip, subversive, and degenerate† culture (Wolf, 2006). Until 2008, the company used concentrated marketing by positioning themselves as a sweatshop-free manufacturer who pays their employees fair wages and provides them health care benefits.Positioning the brand by attributes and benefits led American Apparel to became known for their ethics and sustainability. As more and more retailers attempt to be â€Å"green,† American Apparel had a harder time standing out as a company trying to be good (Hill, 2010). Charley later realized that he was limiting his sales potential by targeting a niche and wanted to go mainstream by expanding to a larger market (Walker, 2008). He decided to reposition the brand to appeal to a generation and used sex as a way to bring people closer.The new generation, as Charley puts it, is exciting, mobile, and open-minded. These are the people he wants to be in business with (Wolf, 2006). The company incorporated sex into their advertising strategy as a way to position the brand by user. Since 2008, American Apparel's promotional strategies have been focused on highly sexual images of young people in provocative poses. Their amateur models and lack of photocopying reflects their honesty by showing the models' imperfect bodies and blemished skin (Wolf, 2006). Not only do they show â€Å"real† people, they also expose nipples and pubic hair.The use of shock tactics in their sexual honesty has attracted much attention, and their openness with sex has come part of their brand image, since they have worked hard to create an Image infused with youth and sex (Chuddar, 2008). The brand's undifferentiated marketing reached more people than before and crossed all genres, including high- fashion kids, clubbers, geeks, and gays (Hill, 2010). However, their controversial advertising has received backlash and negative responses from the media, labeling the brand as -porn chic† (Giving, 2014).The company claims to not be worried, since there seems to be disconnect between how young people perceive the ads and how mainstream media reports the ads. By narrowing their brand image, many people argue that American Apparel alienates their original user base, but the company asserts that they can connect many small groups together Into a big audience (Chuddar, 2008). Their most recent ad strategy tailors to different demographics, including their use of a 62-year old model, a plus-sized model, a Bangladesh model, celebrate diversity by targeting consumers of different ages, sizes, ethnicities, and religions.Additionally, the company has gone global, establishing stores in Asia and representing the American dream (Woo, 2013). The me ssage behind their advertising envoys openness and freedom, not Just in sexuality but also for people who are normally ignored (Chuddar, 2008). Suggest a future plan: In order for a brand to grow or at least stay competitive, they can't stop presenting fresh, new advertising campaigns to consumers. In American Apparel's case, they there's also an ethical issue involved. What direction should they take with their advertising campaign?Recently, founder and CEO Charley has been fired, leaving many people wondering what's next for the company's marketing aesthetic. With Charley gone, many believe that the company should completely re- rand itself (Holland, 2014), however, the company still plans to maintain their â€Å"sexy' and â€Å"edgy' image (Walker, 2014). As fashion has evolved and sex has become mainstream, shoppers have become desensitizing and started to move on. Activist groups consider American Apparel to be pass ©, sexist, and demeaning (Walker, 2014), and according to sales, sex Just isn't selling anymore (That, 2014).Consumer reports found that sexy apparel has limited appeal and consumers have been expressing that they want comfortable clothes that can be dressed-up or dressed-down (That, 2014). Consumers want it all and sexiness limits their style. American Apparel should focus their advertising campaign on the versatility of their merchandise, thus their promotional objective should be to increase awareness of the multiple functions of their apparel to yield variableness with consumers. One of the core concepts of marketing is that it is better to maintain existing customers than trying to gain new ones.In this case, American Apparel should target the same consumers, but with a different spin. Sex still appeals to their target market, the young, 20-something men and women in metropolitan areas, but as these consumers age and their style evolves, their taste will too. The advertisements used in the past are becoming increasingly tacky, therefo re sexual ads should be more tasteful and appealing to a maturing audience. To emphasize the apparel's versatility, the brand should be positioned by product attributes and benefits.The company manufactures basic apparel that can be used in a variety of ways. The clothes can be worn alone, in layers, combined with other brands, etc. Countless looks can be created, which can communicate different styles to different types of shoppers. The versatility of these pieces produces more variety ND greater product benefits. American Apparel's major selling idea should highlight the duality of people, combining both emotional and rational advertising appeal. The company's philosophy on being sweat-shop free, Made in USA puts them at odd's ends with their overly-sexed advertisements.Since people have layers, the brand can appeal to shoppers by helping them embrace their duality. Consumers want a brand that they can emotionally connect with, brands that reflect their passion and interests (That , rational consumer looking for items with multiple uses, which translates into a good alee for their money. To execute this strategy, their advertisements should demonstrate the ease of versatility with their apparel, since demonstration advertising can be effective in highlighting product benefits.An example of this approach would be to show a model wearing an article such as a cardigan, suggesting a preppy look. She could be styled with her hair in a bun and wearing glasses. In another image, the model would be shown with her hair down and wearing the same cardigan, maybe unbuttoned, revealing her bra and her sensual side. This good-girl/bad-girl image translates the regularity of apparel to the duality of personality. In this sense, usage imagery demonstrates how the product could be used. An indirect headline can be used to provoke interest for shoppers.A headline such as â€Å"Embrace your Duality' can challenge shoppers to style themselves in different ways. The visual eleme nt from the preppy/sexy example could convey the same message if stood alone. Yet, a headline attached to the visual portion is more effective for attracting attention. The subhead for the ad would be the brand's usual â€Å"American Apparel: Sweatshop free, Made in USA† tagging, which also implies the rand's duality. The sexual imagery combined with their ethical practice demonstrates the duality in brands as well as in people.

Quo Vadis -- Christian Persecution essays

Quo Vadis Christian Persecution essays On July 28, 2004, we were assigned to watch a movie called, Quo Vadis, which re-enacted the happenings in the time of Nero and the persecutions of Christians. On this, we were assigned to comment on three different aspects of the film: (1) the portrayal of Nero, (2) the portrayal of Christians or Christianity, and lastly, (3) the portrayal of the persecutions. In the movie, we see Nero as that person who may never have known anything except how to sing off-key tunes. He is seen as the vain, whiny, ignorant monster of an emperor who would do anything, even burn the whole city, to have what he wants. While this may be true, I believe that the film portrayed only the bad qualities he has because Nero was also a great emperor in his early years. Two of Neros qualities include modesty and sophistication. Brought up in an environment where people kill and deceive each other to get what they want, Nero behaved quite otherwise. In fact, early in his reign, Nero hated signing death sentences and had forbidden contests that included bloodshed. He also granted the Senate more control than they originally had. When the Senate returned thanks to him, he replied, When I shall have deserved them . More of his contributions to Rome include the following: (1) he started competitions in poetry and theatre, (2) he allowed slaves to pursue charges against unjust masters , and (3) he devised new forms for the buildings of the city after the fire . Later on, he still formulated great plans for his empire, but that did not hide the fact that most of what he was doing was done for his own wants or pleasures. When he realized that he could do anything without instituting fear of retribution, Nero began to give rein to extreme artistic pretensions. This, I believe, is his greatest downfall. His vanity as a poet, as a singer, as a lyre player and as an actor led him to do unnecessary actions like the burning of t...

Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples

Double Displacement Reaction Definition and Examples A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction where two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds. Double displacement reactions typically result in the formation of a product that is a precipitate. Double displacement reactions take the form:AB CD → AD CB The reaction occurs most often between ionic compounds, although technically the bonds formed between the chemical species may be either ionic or covalent in nature. Acids or bases also participate in double displacement reactions. The bonds formed in the product compounds are the same type of bonds as seen in the reactant molecules. Usually, the solvent for this type of reaction is water. Alternative Terms A double displacement reaction is also known as salt metathesis reaction, double replacement reaction, exchange, or sometimes a double decomposition reaction, although that term is used when one or more of the reactants does not dissolve in the solvent. Double Displacement Reaction Examples The reaction between silver nitrate and sodium chloride  is a double displacement reaction. The silver trades its nitrite ion for the sodiums chloride ion, causing the sodium to pick up the nitrate anion.AgNO3 NaCl → AgCl NaNO3 Heres another example: BaCl2(aq) Na2SO4(aq) → BaSO4(s) 2 NaCl(aq) How To Recognize a Double Displacement Reaction The easiest way to identify a double displacement reaction is to check to see whether or not the cations exchanged anions with each other. Another clue, if the states of matter are cited, is to look for aqueous reactants and the formation of one solid product (since the reaction typically generates a precipitate). Types of Double Displacement Reactions Double displacement reactions may be classified into several categories, including counter-ion exchange, alkylation, neutralization, acid-carbonate reactions, aqueous metathesis with precipitation (precipitation reactions), and aqueous metathesis with double decomposition (double decomposition reactions). The two types most commonly encountered in chemistry classes are precipitation reactions and neutralization reactions. A precipitation reaction occurs between two aqueous ionic compounds to form a new insoluble ionic compound. Heres an example reaction, between lead(II) nitrate and potassium iodide to form (soluble) potassium nitrate and (insoluble) lead iodide. Pb(NO3)2(aq) 2 KI(aq) → 2 KNO3(aq) PbI2(s) The lead iodide forms what is called the precipitate, while the solvent (water) and soluble reactants and products are termed the supernate or supernatant. Formation of a precipitate drives the reaction in a forward direction, as the product leaves the solution. Neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions between acids and bases. When the solvent is water, a neutralization reaction typically produces an ionic compounda salt. This type of reaction proceeds in the forward direction if at least one of the reactants is a strong acid or a strong base. The reaction between vinegar and baking soda in the classic baking soda volcano is an example of a neutralization reaction. This particular reaction then proceeds to release a gas (carbon dioxide), which is responsible for the fizz of the reaction. The initial neutralization reaction is: NaHCO3 CH3COOH(aq) → H2CO3 NaCH3COO Youll notice the cations exchanged anions, but the way the compounds are written, its a bit trickier to notice the anion swap. The key to identifying the reaction as double displacement is to look at the atoms of the anions and compare them on both sides of the reaction.

Five Steps to Making a Million in Nursing Speech or Presentation

Five Steps to Making a Million in Nursing - Speech or Presentation Example Therefore, before starting a business, you are required to have a plan (Sapp & Harnish, 2004). The five steps are intended to help you formulate a goal, structure plans and get you well on the way to achieving your goal of starting and running a business that can help you make millions capitalizing on the breadth of knowledge and skills that you have as nurses. Are you ready to take this journey with me? Let’s get started. I. Step 1: Assess The first essential step toward planning, starting and eventually operating a business successfully is conducting an assessment or a â€Å"personal inventory† (Gillespie-Brown, 2008, p. 62). What you want to do is to identify what you need to start your business and have a good idea of what you have and what you don’t have. In other words, you will have to know what personal and material resources you will need to start and run a business and you will also need to know what personal and material resources you do have and do no t have. You must conduct this assessment honestly and while identifying your weak spots, you must concentrate on your strengths. I know it is difficult for some people to acknowledge their shortcomings. If you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings in planning your business, you will not compensate for them and this will present obstacles to success later on. For example, if you plan to start a senior nursing home business and your strengths are in paediatric care, you should know that you might need additional training in senior care. When you take this approach, you might very well find that your expertise in paediatric care can be transferred over to senior care. You see, if you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings, you will not be able to fully capitalize on your strengths. People... I know it is difficult for some people to acknowledge their shortcomings.   If you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings in planning your business, you will not compensate for them and this will present obstacles to success later on.   For example, if you plan to start a senior nursing home business and your strengths are in paediatric care, you should know that you might need additional training in senior care.   When you take this approach, you might very well find that your expertise in paediatric care can be transferred over to senior care.   You see, if you don’t acknowledge your shortcomings, you will not be able to fully capitalize on your strengths.   People are not particularly comfortable identifying their weaknesses. But of course, you are nurses and this is not something that nurses shy away from so we will move on.As we move on from taking a personal inventory, we want to conduct a business audit of our work history and experiences.   Your resourc es and skills acquired during your work experiences as nurses will be significant in the business that you will start.   As Gillespie-Brown (2008) suggests:...Many investors prefer funding entrepreneurs who show strong subject matter experience. Try and find a link between what you know and your business dream (p.64).  To get to this point where you want to find a link between what you know and your business dream you want to write out a biological profile.   This is how you conduct an inventory.  

Pom Wonderful Paper Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pom Wonderful Paper - Movie Review Example But Morgan Spurlock pulled it off. It was a very daring movie to actually document the entire process of getting company pay for a movie that will show how they invade our everyday lives that they literally assaults us from the day we wake up until we sleep. It was more daring when Spurlock actually asked for these companies to pay for the movie and show how they negotiated in the raw. The expected reaction of advertising firms was also documented in the raw when he negotiated or tried to up-sell the concept of his film. There in the negotiations, it was articulated the fear of the advertisers of the unknown that they did not want to be a part of the film that may put them in a bad light. Spurlock however was not discouraged by this initial failure. He went around asking people on how he could make companies to pay for his film. He eventually did when he initially struck an interim agreement with Ban deodorant that the company would be in if there are 15 other brands who would join h im. Personally, my impression was it was a typical success story on how one will succeed if only he or she will try hard enough as what Spurlock did in the movie The Greatest Movie Ever Sold. In a way, the movie or documentary can be considered as a learning material. Very subtlely, marketing concepts such as as brand collateral was explained in a manner that will be very easy to understand. I had difficulty discerning what really it was all about but after watching the film, I learned that it simply meant what do you offer to your consumers or what are bringing on the table? I also learned that people’s personality can be considered as brands too. During the first part of the film where Morgan Spurlock was having difficulty getting companies to pay for his film, he came upon an Analyst who explained to him that his personality is playful and risk taker. It was explained that it is more likely that brands who share his personality will be the ones who are likely to support hi m. In a way, the movie â€Å"exposed† the science of marketing. After explaining the nature of his personality, Spurlock was able to strike deals with companies. The biggest of which was with POM wonderful who was even excited to be the brand X of the film to make the film entitled â€Å"POM Wonderful Presents: The Greatest Movie Ever Sold†. It was at a hefty price of $1 million dollars with others agreeing to pay between $25,000 to $50,000. At one point in the film, Sheetz even have to fly him in their private jet just to have a meeting with him. The company agreed to be a part of the film. I was really aghast with this â€Å"success† part of the film because it showed that with a right idea and right persistence, one can actually convince companies to pay for a film that â€Å"exposes† them. I was even surprise that even Mane n Tail actually paid for the film even if Morgan Spurlock poked fun of its product saying â€Å"there is an instruction for huma n† and there is another instruction for the horse. I remarked watching the film â€Å"wow, he really pulled it off in style!† There is one part of the film that made me think. There was a conversation after Morgan Spurlock showed the contents of his contracts that he can only drink, eat, and drive this and that. Basically the stipulations of his contract. He raised issues such as the companies might insist too much on placing in their products in the film that it will diminish his influence as a filmaker. Basically, the concern was that since

Assessment of Agency Performance- Social Work Term Paper

Assessment of Agency Performance- Social Work - Term Paper Example It is for such reasons that the Centre has been accredited by Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. The management of the center has also played an integral part in improving the performance of the organization. The leadership skills of the managers is worth noting since it is such characteristics that help boost the productivity of the staff members and the organization in general. One of the functioning of an organization is the leadership approaches that the management team employs. Transformational leadership is the best approach used by leaders to improve the performance of organizations. It entails the acquisition of power and a positive manner that in order to ensure change is brought about through the use of support and resources. This approach views the support staff allies that are necessary in bringing about change in an organization. A transformational leader is willing and able to take risks to change conventional beliefs and wisdom. They often show commitment and dedication in their endeavors and also share their belief in the vision of the organization (Hardina, 2006). These characteristics play an integral part in motivating the staff members or other stakeholders of an organization. By building a sense of community among stakeholders of an organization and sharing the vision and goals of an organization, employees are motivated since they feel they are actively involved in the operations of the organization. The transformational leader works together with these staff members to create the objectives and goals of the organization so that implementation becomes easy due to their involvement in the policy making stages. Sharing power among the participants in an organization as well as interacting with them plays a pivotal part in transforming the behavior of the leader as well as the employees. Change is necessary in

The microstructure of cast iron

The microstructure of cast iron ABSTRACT THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON: In the experiment, the microstructures of five samples of different cast iron forms were observed and investigated under the optical microscope and an iron-carbide phase was studied. The suitable drawings were made under different magnification of 100 and 200. Each constituent of the microstructure was identified and also other structural features of the sample provided were identified. The samples areBlackheart malleable cast iron, Ferritic spheroidal graphite iron, Pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron, White cast iron and Phosphoric grey cast iron. The differences in the microstructure were due to the difference in heat treatment, process of cooling and additives present. COPPER SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOY: The eutectic alloy formed between silver and copper was observed. The microstructure of all the four samples was drawn using the optical microscope with 200 magnifications. 90%Ag 10% Cu, 72%Ag 28% Cu, 50% Ag 50% Cu, 30% Ag 70% Cu are the samples provided. An equilibrium diagram was constructed for the copper-silver alloy system, the features of interest as well as the constituent of the structure was identified for all the samples. INTRODUCTION THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON Cast irons are a class of ferrous alloys with a carbon content of between 2.0 4.5%; they contain sufficient carbon so that the eutectic reaction occurs during solidification. They are the most economical in terms of foundry cost which makes the useful even though they are quite brittle; they are fine for low stressed components like cylinder block. Their versatility makes them a high demand in the market. Cast iron contain contrasting amount of manganese, sulphur and phosphorus. They have varying strength and can resist wear and abrasion and corrosion and they can be easily machined. They are easily melted and cast making the good casting impression. The carbon in a cast iron exists in two forms, as a free form of graphite or in a combination as a cementite which is unstable iron carbide. Iron is hard and difficult to machine due to how brittle the cementite is while graphite is soft making the iron softer and easy to machine. Graphite weakens metal due to its occurrence in flakes by breaking up its continuity. Because of the characteristics of these two carbon form, the relative amount, the shape and distribution in the cast iron produces different cast irons variety of properties. Grey cast iron contains tiny interconnected flakes of graphite that allow low strength and ductility. Its the mostly used cast iron and named after its grey colour on fracture surfaces. White cast iron produces more cementite than graphite during solidification, it is a hard brittle alloy containing massive amount of fe3c. Alloyed white cast iron is used due to their hardness and wear resistance for abrasive wear. The name was given due to white fractured surface. Malleable cast iron is formed by the heat treatment of white cast iron, it has better ductility and they produce rounded clumps of graphite. It is very machinable and is made by heat treating unalloyed 3% carbon. A spherodite are micro constituent of coarse spheroidal graphite particles in a matrix of pearlite or ferrite, permitting excellent machining characteristics in high carbon steel. The structure of cast iron is affected by a number of factors. The type of iron form is determined by the rate of solidification as slow cooling will produce grey iron and the rapid one will produce white iron structure. Whether graphite or cementite is formed and by what quantity is determined by the carbon content of the melt and presence of other element. For example nickel and silicon promote the formation of graphite in the iron structure. The structure is affected by the type of heat treatment, cementite will decompose to ferrite and graphite will produce a completely different structure. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS: There are three single phase regions on the phase diagram of binary alloys of silver and copper. The phase is a solid solution rich in copper which has silver as the solute and an FCC structure it also include pure copper and is considered to include pure copper. An eutectic region can be defined as a three phase invariant reaction in which one liquid phase solidifies to form two solid phases. Copper and silver form an eutectic at 72%Ag and 28%Cu at a temperature of 780oC.The temperature at which an alloy become totally liquid decreases as silver is added to copper which is also the same as the addition of copper to silver. A microstructure may be defined as the structural feature of an alloy, its grain and phase structure that are subject to observation under microscope. Copper is a face centred cubic structured metal possessing good ductility, good thermal and electrical conductivity. It is often used as a constituent of various metal alloys. The melting point of pure copper is 1083oC while that of pure silver is 961oC. Silver possesses one of the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal. It has FCC structure and is sometimes produced as a by-product of copper. When the full liquid solubility is possible with complete solid insolubility or very limited solid solubility then an eutectic relationship exist. This exists in copper and silver but they are fully soluble in liquid state. EXPERIMENTAL THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON Five prepared micro specimens were provided and the microstructure of each studied and drawn using a microscope. The specimens provided were Blackheart malleable cast iron at magnification 100 Ferritic spheroidal graphite iron at magnification 100 Pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron at magnification 200 White cast iron at magnification 100 Phosphoric grey cast iron at magnification 200 Each constituent and other structural feature of importance in the microstructure of white cast iron was labelled on the drawing. The procedure was performed to all specimens. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS Four polished and etched micro sections of copper silver alloys were provided. 30% Ag 70% Cu 72%Ag 28% Cu 50% Ag 50% Cu 90%Ag 10% Cu These alloys have already been melted in a gas fired furnace, deoxidised by polling with graphite rod and then cast in refractory moulds preheated to 500oC. I placed the samples under the microscope at a magnification of 200; my observation was drawn with the help of the microscope. The constituent and structural features are drawn and labelled, I repeated the steps for the entire specimen and the equilibrium diagram was drawn from the data. RESULTS The results are compiled in the couple of pages attached to the next pages. DISCUSSION THE MICROSTRUCTURE OF CAST IRON The way a metal is cooled produces the different structures of cast iron. Two of these structures are white and grey cast iron. As the metal is cooled, the amount of austenite in the matrix increases. At the eutectic temperature of 1130Â °C the remaining liquid solidifies producing austenite in a eutectic matrix. A structure consisting of cementite, Fe3C and eutectoid iron starts to form as structure starts to decompose. The eutectoid contains area of pearlite and cementite and its also a mixture of cementite and ferrite. The pearlite is formed as a result of the decomposition of the austenite on cooling. This structure is that of white cast iron which is formed due to the rapid rate of cooling. The cooling rate of white and grey cast iron affects the structure; fast cooling rate promotes white cast iron while slower cooling rate promotes grey cast iron. The carbide composition can have effect on the structure of the iron produced; high amount of chromium promotes white cast iron while low amount promotes grey cast iron. Section size can also determine iron structure obtained. Cool section cool faster and produce white cast iron while thick sections will cool slower promoting formation of grey cats iron. A number of variables must be controlled in order to produce grey cast iron instead of white cast iron. For a grey cast iron to form, the rate of cooling must be made as slow as possible. High silicon content will also promote the formation of grey cast iron as silicon has strong graphitising tendencies. Phosphoric grey iron is stronger, has a lower melting point and better fluidity than normal grey cast iron. The Blackheart malleablising process is the packing of white iron castings into pots with a neutral packing, such as sand or crushed slag, and heating them to 900Â °C for three days. After the three days they are cooled very slowly. The cementite in the white iron is being decomposed into ferrite and graphite is being precipitated in a smoothly dispersed form. The structure is composed entirely of ferrite and graphite. The graphite present in the structure is shown as ‘rosettes of carbon in the ferrite. After the process, the small amount of pearlite left has no effect on the properties of the casting. The steel produced in this process has good wear resistance and strength and reasonable toughness. Additives are used to produce spheroidal graphite iron rather than flake graphite iron. Magnesium amounting to 1-2% of the weight of the iron is added in the form of a nickel magnesium alloy of 10-20% magnesium. The alloy is used to prevent an extremely violent reaction from occurring. The presence of silicon also assists the formation of the nodules therefore Ferro-silicon is added. The sulphur level needs to be kept low in order to avoid removing the Mg as sulphide. In the production of a ferritic graphite iron, spheroids of graphite in pearlite matrix are heat treated to form spheroids of graphite in ferrite matrix. This is time dependent process and doesnt go into completion therefore causing pearlite area to still be seen. COPPER-SILVER EUTECTIC ALLOYS On drawing of the 30%Ag70%Cu, alpha particles can be seen and dark patches show primary dendrites outside eutectic. The 50%Ag50%Cu alloy sample also shows primary alpha dendrites outside eutectics. In the 90%Ag10%Cu sample there is small amount of eutectic and light areas show beta particles while the dark areas show alpha particle. On the equilibrium diagram ADB is the liquidus and ACDEB is the solidus. The area ACF represents the alpha phase of the silver in copper while BEG represent the condition of limited solid solution of copper in silver which is the beta phase. Below FCDEG the two phases alpha and beta exist side by side. The 72%Ag28%Cu micro section has an all eutectic composition with dark areas also representing alpha particles and light areas showing beta particles the centre of the microstructure is the first to solidify then the outside area. Composition of solid and liquid phases will vary with the temperature along the solidus and liquidus lines. The final liquid between composition C and E will always end at eutectic regardless of what the initial composition may be. As a result the solid will be composed of masses of A and B. At eutectic CW parts liquidus composition Y while WY parts composition C. During casting its virtually impossible to achieve equilibrium conditions. Coring is the non equilibrium cooling on microstructures. Coring explains how the varying primary dendrites allow lighter areas in the centre than in the outside. The properties of a cored structure are less than optimal, as a casting having a cored structure is reheated causing grain boundaries regions will meet first as long as they are richer in low melting components. The liquid film that separate the grain gives an outcome of sudden loss of mechanical integrity. The melting may begin at a temperature below the equilibrium solidus temperature of the alloys. Homogeneous heat treatment can be used to remove coring at a temperature below the solidus point of the alloy composition. During the process, atomic diffusion occur producing compositionally homogeneous grain. CONCLUSION Cast irons have many different structures each one caused by a different cooling rate, additives and different heat treatments. Formation of grey cast iron over white cast iron is promote by slow cooling rate and enormous silicon content Coring can be eliminated by a homogenising heat treatment. Magnesium and silicon help to produce spheroidal graphite iron rather than flake graphite iron To produce a ferritic spheroidal graphite iron from pearlitic spheroidal graphite iron the steel must be heated to just below the lower critical temperature. Phosphoric iron will enable to cast very fine details and in blackheart malleablising process, rosettes from graphite in ferrite matrix are produced from white cast iron. The composition of the copper silver eutectic alloys has a very large effect on the microstructure of the alloy, with different amounts of the phases being produced on cooling.

The Ethics of Capital Punishment Essays -- Papers

The Ethics of Capital Punishment Ethics is "the study of standards of right and wrong; that part of philosophy dealing with moral conduct, duty and judgement.'[1] Capital Punishment is 'the death penalty for a crime.'[2] The word "capital" in "capital punishment" refers to a person's head as in the past; people were often executed by severing their head from their body. Since the early 1800's, most executions have resulted from convictions for murder. The death penalty has also been imposed for such crimes as armed robbery, kidnapping, rape and treason. Some people believe that capital punishment is necessary for punishing people that have committed any type of crime, much of the time because these people want justice; others think that capital punishment is only necessary in extreme cases, such as murder, while others believe that it is wrong and shouldn't be aloud to take place. Amnesty International's thoughts on the death penalty is that it is 'cruel, inhumane and degrading punishment and a violation of the right to life'[3]. In extreme cases, I believe that people should be punished. People who commit crimes such as murder (mass or only an individual killing), rape and kidnapping should all be punished for what they have done. For example, the current issue with the Balibombings "mastermind". Amrozi Bin Nurhasyim is up for trial and if proven guilty, the death penalty will be imposed. Although he himself believes that he is a hero, I believe that as he killed so many and injured many more, the death punishment is the only fitting and adequate punishment. Many people oppose the death penalty because they consider it cruel.... ... that Capital Punishment is the best way to go to punish people who murder and commit other drastic crimes. I believe that murders should have the Death Penalty imposed to punish them for taking someone else's life, although everyone has their own opinion and that is fine to have a different opinion. Whether Capital Punishment is ethical is also up to your own beliefs, and I hope this essay has given you an insight into Capital Punishment and helped you determine you own opinion. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] World Book Online Dictionary - http://dictionary.worldbookonline.com/wbol/wbDict?lu=ethics [2] World Book Online Dictionary - http://dictionary.worldbookonline.com/wbol/wbDict?lu=capital%20punishment [3] Amnesty International Report "The Death Penalty"

Today reflecting on the day, this has got to be one of the best in my nearly fifteen years of life

I was very wary about coming face to face with it all. Nobody told me that I had a whole other family. A mixture of feelings surrounded me. Why did nobody tell m? Why was I wrapped up in cotton wool? It all started off the same old thing, get up and get ready. The grey dingy sky of another I could see sunny day coming through (not) why was it England was always cold, dull, and rainy. I thought back to my summer holiday last year. All I can say is that it was total bliss. The sun kissing and warming my skin, a warm feeling spread through my body at that moment. A click back to reality as the morning news filtered through one ear and out of the other. Oh how I loved to hate getting up and ready for school. The walk to school was torturous I could not handle these things. A dreadful storm of rain pouring on my head the bitter cold hitting my skin with great force. What a good start to another school day? First lesson, first enemy if you ask me. Monday morning blues meant that I could not take part in PE The day dragged on lesson by lesson. The seemed to be stuck as it looked like it was never moving. Just trying to torture me I bet. I was estatatic at the time to go home. I got home and thought about what programmes I was going to watch on T.V. I heard my mum and dad talking. I picked up a bit of the conversation. I ran up the stairs and to my surprise my mum and dad was furiously packing. I immediately asked what was going on. My parents gave me instructions to pack for a hot holiday. As you can imagine I was very contented I loved holidays. I found out we were going to the magical island of Capri. Situated just off the Italian coast. I asked how long we were going for and I was told as long as we want. After a fatiguing flight we got there. It was phenomenal, I could not believe I was there. There were pretty lush patches of greenery scattered everywhere. I could see a glimpse of the coast. It was unbelievable. After the initial shock of a surprise trip to an enchanting island a thought played on my mind. What exactly were we doing here? I pursued this to my dad and he told me there was somebody I should meet. I looked round to a massive mansion. A complex should I say. Pretty well looked after gardens. Immaculate white fences to enter through. What was going on I wondered? This whole family stood there and smiled at me like they knew me. Who were all these people I wondered? They introduced themselves they were my dad's side of the family that we were told never to talk about. They were all incredible nice. The biggest shock of all, I found out that I was to inherit a small fortune. I felt like never before so shocked, amazed and happy. The day ended with a massive party in order of this good news. I just could not believe it. I knew that I was going to be happy here for a while, however long I stayed.

Spectrum Stores Inc, Plaintiffs – Appellants V. Citgo Petroleum Corporation; Saudi Arabian Oil Company, Doing Business as Saudi Aramco; Defendants – Appellees.

Case Brief – Extra Credit Citation: SPECTRUM STORES INC, Plaintiffs – Appellants v. CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION; SAUDI ARABIAN OIL COMPANY, doing business as Saudi Aramco; Defendants – Appellees. UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT. 632 F. 3d 938 (2011) Facts: Gasoline retailers accused the OPEC member nations of fix pricing of crude oil and refined petroleum products in the US. The appellants argued that the district court mischaracterized their complaint as alleging a conspiracy among sovereign nations to fix prices via production.They argued that the consolidated complaint alleges that commercial corporations, rather than governments, have taken over the production of crude oil. Under the act of state doctrine, â€Å"the courts of one country will not sit in judgment on the acts of the government of an-other, done within its own territory. † The appellees have met their burden of demonstrating that negotiation of this suit would necessa rily call into question the acts of foreign governments with respect to exploitation of their natural resources.The court barred the claims, and had to consider foreign policy of the political branches, which was not codified in a treaty that the court was merely asked to interpret. By judging the case, the panel would need to reexamine critical foreign policy decisions Issue: Are the OPEC member nation’s oil companies committing antitrust conspiracy by price fixing of crude oil and petroleum products in the US?Decision: For the foregoing reasons, the United States court declined to sit in judgment of the acts of the foreign states that comprise OPEC and urged that the district court’s judgment of dismissal be affirmed. Reason: The antitrust conspiracy alleged by plaintiffs arises from the Sovereign Acts of Foreign States. To rule for plaintiffs on their antitrust claims would require a court to rule on the legality of the Foreign Sovereign Acts of Saudi Arabia, Venezu ela, and Russia. These cases do not trigger the territorial limitation or a possible commercial activity exception of the Act of State Doctrine.