Treatment Resistant Schizoaffective Disorders And The...

The introduction of Clozapine, marked a turning point in the treatment of schizophrenia, as the first atypical antipsychotic drug lacking the propensity to produce ‘extra-pyramidal symptoms’ (associated with the older antipsychotic agents) (Kane et al. 1988). Even though, Clozapine has not conclusively demonstrated its significantly superior record or efficacy for psychosis (Gardner et al. 2005), it has proven exceptional effectiveness, compared to other more traditional antipsychotics (Claghorn et al. 1987). However, Kane et al. (1988) and others have concluded, 30–60% of all schizophrenic patients who fail to respond to typical antipsychotics may respond therapeutically/effectively to Clozapine (Breier et al. (1994) Iqbal et al. (2003)). This is especially apparent for refractory schizophrenia (Kane et al. 1988), treatment-resistant schizoaffective disorders (Zarate et al. 1995) and aggression (Cohen Underwood, 1994). Yet, despite its recognized benefits, Clozapine’s has been limited to ‘treatment-resistant’ patients due to the potentially ‘life-threatening’ through to the relatively benign ‘side-effects’ i.e. agranulocytosis (a potentially fatal blood disorder), seizures, hypotension, tachycardia, weight gain, constipation and many others. Its under-utilization is partly attributed to a lack of management/experience, but these ‘side-effects’ can be identified early and greatly reduced through carefully monitored dose adjustments (Gardner et al. 2005).Show MoreRelatedIs The Self Mutilation Is Characterized By Autoagressive Behaviors Without Intent Essay1340 Words   |  6 Pagespractice, with an estimated prevalence of 4.3% in general psychiatric patients. The highest incidences of self-mutilation have been reported in prisoners, institutionalized teenagers with antisocial traits, and among those diagnosed with autism, schizophrenia, inte llectual disabilities, and traumatic brain injuries [1]. 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